Password managers
1Password vs Bitwarden: which keeps data in Canada?
Where each stores and processes data, and who owns each company, from the vendors' own pages. Not features or prices.
The short answer
1Password: yes, if you choose it.
1Password offers Canadian storage, but you have to choose it, and it may depend on your plan. Where it is processed: Canada for 1Password.ca accounts. It is Canadian-owned.
Bitwarden: if you host it yourself.
Bitwarden can run on servers you choose. Data stays in Canada only if you host it in Canada. Where it is processed: US or EU for cloud. It is owned by a US company, so the US CLOUD Act can require it to produce data it controls, wherever that data is stored.
1Password is Canadian-owned; Bitwarden is owned by a US company.
Side by side
| Claim | 1Password | Bitwarden |
|---|---|---|
| Stored in Canada? | Yes, if you choose it | If you host it yourself |
| Where data is stored | Canada, for accounts on 1Password.ca (billed in CAD); 1Password.com accounts are hosted in the US | Cloud: Microsoft Azure in the US or EU (no Canadian region). Self-hosted: wherever you run it |
| Where it is processed | Canada for 1Password.ca accounts | US or EU for cloud |
| Support and backups | An older privacy policy says 1Password.ca service data access is limited to staff residing in Canada | Not stated on the pages read |
| Owner | AgileBits Inc., doing business as 1Password (Toronto, ON), describes itself as a Canadian company · Parent country: Canada | Bitwarden, Inc. (Santa Barbara, CA) · Parent country: United States |
| Servers run by | Amazon Web Services (Montréal region per a 1Password engineering post; dated) · US company | Microsoft Azure (cloud) or your own servers · US company |
| Customer-held keys | End-to-end encrypted; the vault key never leaves the user's devices | End-to-end encrypted |
| Certifications | Not recorded (blank means not checked, not none) | Not recorded (blank means not checked, not none) |
| Worth knowing | Canadian-owned, and data stays in Canada if the account is created on 1Password.ca. Choose .ca at sign-up; data is never moved between regions automatically. | Open source and free to self-host, so the cloud's lack of a Canadian region can be avoided by running it yourself in Canada. |
| Tier | Tier 2: Canadian-owned, data in Canada | Self-hosted: Run it yourself |
| Checked | 2026-10-13 | 2026-10-13 |
Sources
1Password · checked 2026-10-13
- Where the data is stored: https://support.1password.com/regions/
- Who owns it: https://1password.com/legal/privacy/privacy-20181026
- Supporting page: https://blog.1password.com/terraforming-1password/
Bitwarden · checked 2026-10-13
- Where the data is stored: https://bitwarden.com/help/data-storage/
- Who owns it: https://bitwarden.com/about/
- Supporting page: https://bitwarden.com/help/self-host-bitwarden/